Summary

Albumin, the most abundant protein in blood plasma, is a vital human marker used in medical diagnostics and research. It is produced in the liver and maintains osmotic pressure, transports substances and regulates pH levels. Albumin levels indicate overall health, liver/kidney function, nutritional status, and disease progression.

‍

Overview

Albumin, a highly significant human marker, is present in high concentrations in blood plasma and serves as an essential protein with diverse clinical applications. Comprising about 60% of total plasma proteins, albumin plays a crucial role in facilitating the transport of various substances, like enzymes, hormones, and vitamins throughout the body.

It also is essential to maintain osmotic pressure, pulling fluid back into your blood vessels. Without enough albumin, fluid can leak out of your blood and build up in your lungs, abdomen (belly), or other parts of your body.

Low levels of albumin can result from various conditions. Liver disease, like cirrhosis, or hepatitis, and malnutrition, can lead to a lower production of albumin. Kidney disease can result in excessive albumin excretion in the urine. Other conditions, such as inflammation, infections, burns, or thyroid disease, can also lead to reduced albumin levels. This phenomenon is more commonly associated with chronic conditions rather than acute ones.

Elevated levels could indicate dehydration, which might be a result of severe diarrhea or other underlying conditions.

Clinicians and researchers utilize albumin as a valuable tool for diagnosing, monitoring, and assessing various medical conditions. ^[1,2]

‍

What should you know about this biomarker?

Each laboratory uses different machines and protocols, so the results might vary in terms of the reference ranges or used units of measurement. In Macromo blood tests, we use g/l (grams per liter).

Normal albumin levels typically range from 35 to 52 g/l for healthy adults. However, the ideal levels of albumin may differ depending on factors such as an individual's age, sex, and overall health status.^[3]

There are three possible states of your blood test result: low, average, and high levels.

• When your albumin level is below the reference range, it usually indicates a problem with the liver or kidneys. It is essential to consult your physician and undergo additional tests.
• When your albumin level is within the reference range, that is the desired result.
• When your albumin level is higher than the reference range, it may indicate dehydration or other health problems. It is important that you contact your doctor and have a thorough examination. 

‍

Genetics

Variations in the genes that govern liver function, protein synthesis, and albumin production can potentially affect the levels of albumin in the body.

For example, congenital analbuminemia is a rare autosomal recessive disease when the affected people suffer from decreased concentration, or complete absence, of serum albumin.^[4] 

A genome-wide association study conducted in 2021 identified new genetic loci associated with hypoalbuminemia. In addition, this study also looked at the relationship between these genetic variants and the risk of hypertension. The results show that hypoalbuminemia is a marker of early-onset hypertension.^[5]

‍

Recommendations

When albumin levels are found to be outside of the normal range, it is important to consider further evaluation and potential interventions:

• Low Albumin Levels:

• It is essential to consult your healthcare provider. They can take thorough examinations and additional tests.
• Assess nutritional status and ensure adequate protein intake.

• High Albumin Levels:

• Consult your doctor to investigate potential underlying causes.
• Assess hydration status and ensure adequate fluid intake.

• Monitor albumin levels over time to track progress and adjust interventions as needed.
• Ensure regular follow-up to assess the effectiveness of interventions and make necessary modifications.

‍

The information and tests provided on our website are for educational purposes only and are not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider before making health decisions. Our tests do not diagnose or treat diseases. Individual results may vary and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.