Summary

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found in various tissues, primarily in the liver and heart. AST plays a crucial role in the metabolism of amino acids, specifically the transfer of an amino group from aspartate to alpha-ketoglutarate.

‍

Overview

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme predominantly found in the liver and heart but also in smaller amounts in muscles and kidneys. It plays a significant role in the metabolism of amino acids. Elevated levels of AST in the blood often suggest damage to the liver or heart. Conditions such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, diabetes, or heart disease can increase AST levels as the enzyme leaks out of damaged cells into the bloodstream. Certain medications and alcohol abuse can also elevate AST levels.^[1]

‍

What should you know about this biomarker?

Each laboratory uses different machines and protocols, so the results might vary in terms of the reference ranges or used units of measurement. In Macromo blood tests we use µkat/l (microkatal per liter). AST is often included in liver function panels alongside other liver enzymes like ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase).

You may get an AST test as part of the routine blood test panel, or if you experience symptoms like fatigue, weakness, jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes), lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, swelling of your belly or ankles, dark urine, or itching.  It can also be used to monitor liver problems. 

The optimal range for AST levels may differ depending on the specific testing facility or laboratory conducting the test. However, in general, healthy men have AST levels below 0.85 µkat/l (microkatal per liter), and healthy women have AST levels below 0.60 µkat/l. 

Your blood test can show distinct result possibilities:

• Your AST levels are within the reference range. Maintain liver health by avoiding alcohol abuse, maintaining a balanced diet, and regular exercise. 
• Your AST levels are elevated, which could indicate liver or heart damage. Please consult your healthcare provider. 

‍

Genetics

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the blood can be influenced by various factors. However, evidence suggests that genetic factors can play a role in determining AST levels.

Several genetic studies have identified specific genetic variants associated with AST levels. These genetic loci are often found in or near genes involved in liver function, lipid metabolism, and other biological processes.^[2,3] 

For example, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted in 2021 identified more than 300 new genetic variants connected to liver enzyme concentrations in the bloodstream.^[4]

‍

Recommendations

If the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level is outside the optimal range, it may indicate liver disease, heart disease, or the use of certain medications. Here are some recommendations you might consider ^[1]:

• If your AST levels are elevated, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider.
• If you're diagnosed with a condition such as liver or heart disease that results in high AST levels, consistently tracking your AST levels and conducting relevant tests is crucial.
• If your current medications are known to elevate AST levels, your healthcare provider may contemplate revising your medication regimen. It's important to remember that any changes to your medications should be supervised by a healthcare professional.
• Lifestyle factors like excessive alcohol consumption or a poor diet can contribute to high AST levels. By reducing alcohol intake, improving dietary habits, and incorporating regular physical activity, you can help decrease AST levels and enhance the health of your liver and heart.

‍

The information and tests provided on our website are for educational purposes only and are not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider before making health decisions. Our tests do not diagnose or treat diseases. Individual results may vary and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.