Summary

TSH stands for thyroid-stimulating hormone, a hormone that is produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. Its primary function is to regulate the release of hormones from the thyroid gland.  TSH is a biomarker that can be used to evaluate thyroid function and health, as well as to guide treatment for thyroid disorders.

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Overview

TSH is related to the thyroid, a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck that produces hormones that control how the body uses energy. TSH is also linked to the pituitary, a pea-sized gland at the base of the brain that regulates the secretion of various hormones in the body. 

The level of TSH in the blood depends on several factors, such as the amount of thyroid hormones, the feedback from the brain, and the presence of other conditions or medications that affect the thyroid or the pituitary.^[1]

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What should you know about this biomarker?

Abnormal levels of TSH may indicate a thyroid disease such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. However, the diagnosis often requires additional tests, including measurements of T4 and T3 levels.^[3] 

Furthermore, abnormal TSH levels can indicate a problem with the pituitary gland, requiring additional examination to evaluate its function.

Each laboratory uses different machines and protocols, so the results might vary in terms of the reference ranges or used units of measurement. In Macromo blood tests, we use mU/l (milli-international units per liter).

The optimal TSH range is between 0.27 and 4.2 mU/l. However, optimal TSH levels may vary depending on age, gender, and health status. 

There are three possible states of your blood test result: low, average, and high levels.

• Low TSH levels suggest a possibility of overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). If you're experiencing symptoms like rapid heart rate, anxiety, or weight loss, please consult your healthcare provider for an appropriate solution.
• When TSH levels are within the reference range, it indicates good thyroid health. 
• Elevated TSH levels can indicate an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). Please consult your healthcare provider if your TSH levels are higher than normal. 

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Genetics

Multiple available studies have been focused on the relationship between genetics and TSH levels. The results of one genome-wide association study (GWAS) support the previously observed connection between the PDE8B gene and serum TSH levels in European Americans. It also points out the need for further research that will be more diverse regarding selected populations.^[4]

A study performed on Danish twins showed that genetic factors accounted for 64% of the variation in serum TSH concentration.^[5] Another study found similar results, stating that TSH levels are moderately heritable, with estimates of up to 65%. This study identified 46 independent TSH-associated loci, accounting for 9.4% of TSH variance.^[6]

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Recommendations

If your TSH levels are outside the optimal range, it might indicate potential thyroid problems. However, many factors can contribute to the change in your TSH levels^[1]:

• For TSH levels outside the optimal range, seek medical advice and consider potential treatment options.
• Your doctor might refer you to an endocrinologist, a doctor specializing in problems with the endocrine system.
• Maintain a balanced diet with adequate nutrients. Include foods rich in iodine, such as fish, dairy, and iodized salt, as iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production. 
• Selenium and zinc are also important for thyroid function. Include foods like nuts, seeds, whole grains, and shellfish, which are high in these minerals.
• Limit consumption of goitrogenic foods (that interfere with thyroid function), especially if you have an iodine deficiency.
• Engage in regular physical activity to improve thyroid function. Exercise stimulates thyroid gland secretion and increases tissue sensitivity to thyroid hormones.
• Chronic stress can negatively impact your thyroid. Engage in stress-reducing activities like yoga, meditation, and spending time with loved ones.
• Being underweight or overweight can affect your thyroid. Focus on maintaining a healthy body weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise.
• Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, as they can have detrimental effects on thyroid function.

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The information and tests provided on our website are for educational purposes only and are not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider before making health decisions. Our tests do not diagnose or treat diseases. Individual results may vary and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

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